CBN Pauses Rate Cuts, Holds MPR at 26.5% as MPC Waits on Inflation Path
In a clear pivot from its easing stance earlier this year, the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Monetary Policy Committee chose to hold the Monetary Policy Rate at 26.5% at its 305th meeting on May 19-20, 2026. After an 11-1 vote, the Committee signaled it views the recent inflation uptick as transitory and believes the current policy mix is still strong enough to anchor expectations without choking growth. The decision keeps the asymmetric corridor unchanged at +50/-450bps around the MPR, maintains the Cash Reserve Ratio at 45.00% for Deposit Money Banks, 16.00% for Merchant Banks, and 75.00% for non-TSA public sector deposits, and holds the Liquidity Ratio steady at 30.0%.
The move marks a sharp shift from February’s unanimous 50bps cut to 26.5%, which was justified by a disinflation trend through the second half of 2025. Now, with inflation showing renewed pressure, the MPC is opting for a “wait-and-see” posture. By leaving both the MPR and liquidity parameters untouched, the Committee is signaling confidence in the resilience of ongoing reforms while avoiding premature easing that could undo recent gains. The unchanged corridor and CRR levels reinforce that the CBN is prioritizing price stability for now, using stability in rates as a signal that it won’t flinch at short-term volatility if the broader disinflation path remains intact.
The main concern going into the meeting was the spillover from the Middle East crisis, which pushed global energy, transport, and logistics costs higher. However, the MPC argues that the impact on Nigeria has been “largely muted” because of reforms that have strengthened the economy’s shock absorbers. Exchange rate stability has improved, and monetary policy transmission is working more effectively, giving the CBN more control over price pressures.
External reserves provide another layer of cushion. They climbed to $49.49bn as of May 15, up from $48.35bn at end-March, giving the country cover for 9.04 months of imports and reducing the risk of sharp FX volatility feeding into prices. The banking sector is also in a better position after the recapitalization exercise concluded with 33 banks reporting stronger financial soundness indicators.
Fiscal consolidation has further helped by reducing the demand-side pressure that typically builds up in election cycles. The Committee pointed to Nigeria’s recent sovereign rating upgrade amid global headwinds as evidence that markets are buying into the reform path, and it signaled that the policy stance will remain cautious and vigilant to anchor inflation expectations without derailing growth.
Inflation data explains why the Committee feels it can afford to wait. Headline inflation rose for the second month to 15.69% year-on-year in April, up from 15.38% in March, driven by food inflation climbing to 16.06% as transport costs and seasonal factors kicked in. Yet beneath the surface, the trend is still disinflationary. Core inflation moderated to 15.86% from 16.21%, and the 12-month average inflation has now fallen for six consecutive months to 19.16% from 20.05%.
The month-on-month picture is even clearer. Headline inflation eased sharply to 2.13% in April from 4.18% in March, with both food and core components cooling. Growth numbers also support the hold. Real GDP expanded 4.07% year-on-year in Q4 2025, up from 3.98% in Q3, with the non-oil sector growing 3.99% led by ICT and transportation and storage, while the oil sector picked up to 6.79% on improved downstream refining. The economy is growing without overheating, which gives policy room to stay steady.
Global conditions reinforce that caution. Growth is expected to moderate in 2026 as geopolitical tensions, energy disruptions, and tighter financial conditions weigh on activity, and inflation is set to edge higher in the near term due to energy and agricultural commodity prices and lingering supply chain bottlenecks. Core inflation remains sticky in advanced economies, and FX pressure in many emerging markets is keeping domestic prices elevated. Most central banks have responded by pausing or slowing easing, and the CBN’s hold aligns with that broader, data-driven posture.
Looking ahead, the Committee expects output growth to remain resilient in 2026 despite risks from the Middle East conflict. Inflation may rise modestly in the near term, but the lagged impact of previous tightening, exchange rate stability, and improved food supply should support a return to disinflation. The MPC reaffirmed its commitment to a forward-looking, evidence-based framework focused on price stability and financial system resilience, with the next meeting scheduled for July 20-21, 2026.
In short, the CBN is testing whether $49.49bn in reserves, a recapitalized banking system, and reform-driven macro stability can absorb external shocks without a policy U-turn. If inflation proves transitory, holding at 26.5% preserves credibility. If it doesn’t, the Committee still has room to act when it meets again in July.
