Brands

THE STUNTED STEPS OF FCMB .

First City Monument Bank Plc, FCMB, was a model brand on arrival in 1982 ;when it was established by the  banking legend  and trailblazer ,Otunba Subomi Balogun ,one of its core values was to pursue excellence. A fleet footed corporate organization, it was nurtured to make a difference with superior service delivery and impressive financial performance from its inception. But today, it is a different ball game .The bank with stunted steps, cyclical profitability and lethargic speed ,has been overtaken by younger ones miles away. This scenario , no doubt,is raising serious concerns and questions

WHEN THE HOPE WAS RAISED

A flash back at its performance trajectory confirmed  this vividly. With the release of the full year result for 2013, the red ink blotting the progress of First City Monument Bank (FCMB) were  dabbed off leaving only promises of a perpetual stay within the black lines of profitability .The Managing Director, FCMB Group then , Peter Obaseki alluded to this at its AGM when he declared 2013 as marking ‘the end of the recovery phase of (the) group, after the financial turmoil and meltdown of 2008 and 2009”.

2013 was  also the year the bank achieved the milestone of a trillion naira balance sheet, leaving glimpses of what is possible within the bank, which has the vision of attaining the status of ‘the premier financial  .

 But its  fortunes  backtracked  dramatically after the 2014  financial year . Slow growing gross earnings and hefty provisioning due to the past profligacy coalesced into big drops in profits between 2015 and 2019  .A look into its books  could be very revealing. Burden of nonperforming loans , high level of impairments,  outrageous cost to income were its   drawbacks. The  consequences  of its inability  to rise to the  above challenges were stunted steps in its  corporate  journey ;  falling margins   ,high level of non cash earnings ,unstable dividend track records and  declining  market share.

WHEN THE HOPE WAS RAISED

A flash back at   its performance trajectory confirmed  this vividly. With the release of the full year result for 2013, the red ink blotting the progress of First City Monument Bank (FCMB) were  dabbed off leaving only promises of a perpetual stay within the black lines of profitability .The Managing Director, FCMB Group then , Peter Obaseki alluded to this at its AGM when he declared 2013 as marking ‘the end of the recovery phase of (the) group, after the financial turmoil and meltdown of 2008 and 2009”.

2013 was  also the year the bank achieved the milestone of a trillion naira balance sheet, leaving glimpses of what is possible within the bank, which has the vision of attaining the status of ‘the premier financial services group of African origin’. It was with this level of expectations that investors and indeed the financial world waited to see FCMBs half year result for 2014.The bank did not disappoint as in first half which ended June 30, 2014, the  company reported profit before tax of NGN 11.1 billion, up 5% from NGN 10.6 billion for the same period in 2013.

That left  investors craning to take another look at the bank’s performance.  .Practically all other performance metrics looked up in the first half of a year already marked as ‘Bright’ by Obaseki.At the end of 2014,.its profit  after tax was N22.1 billion.  This   impressive  result    resuscitated hope of its stakeholders.

THE HOPE CRASHING YEARS

But its  fortunes  backtracked  dramatically after the 2014  financial year . Slow growing gross earnings and hefty provisioning due to the past profligacy coalesced into big drops in profits between 2015 and 2019  .A look into its books  could be very revealing. Burden of nonperforming loans , high level of impairments,  outrageous cost to income were its   drawbacks. The  consequences  of its inability  to rise to the  above challenges were stunted steps in its  corporate  journey ;  falling margins   ,high level of non cash earnings ,unstable dividend track records and  declining  market share.

PROFITABILITY

Since that year it has been a rollercoaster of  unimpressive performance year after year .And the bank has never come close to that 2014 performance.

In 2015, its PAT  crashed to N3.5 billions and N6.8 in 2017 .The highest recorded was last year when the bank hit N13.6 billions. Its profit stood at N12.1 billions in 2016 and N12.4 billions in 2018.

The gross earnings, a metric indicating how it  exploited opportunities around it   ,also followed similar zigzag patterns. In 2014 and 2015 its gross earnings  in absolute term stepped  down from  N148.6 billions to  N147.7 billions .But its profit dipped embarrassingly  as indicated above .

GROSS EARNINGS

The implications are not hidden , the management ended up destroying  values it promises to add in transit as the earnings were consumed before reaching the bottom line. Even between 2015 and 2019 the change or increase was less dramatic. The bank found it  difficult  to exploit the swath of opportunities caving in to competitive and environmental pressures. The highest gross earnings stood at  N171.7 billions in 2016. The real concern is not only what it got but what it got out of it .

.

ASSET QUALITY

For a long time the bank has been  battling with burden of its nonperforming loans which had piled up . In September 2019 alone , it made a N7.8 billion provision as its impaired loans for the financial year ; in September, 2018,it was N14.6 billions.  Since 2016 , the bank recorded N71.9 billions as its total impaired loans in September 2019 with N35.7 billions  in 2016 alone. Asides ,the pains of impairments charges , inability to control costs is another Achilles heel of FCMB. Its cost to income was 75.4 percent by September, 2019 caused by  its outrageous overheads .

INVESTOR RATIO

Commenting on the overall performance, FCMB Group stated that, “Post-tax profits increased by 16% to N17.3 billion, this translates to a return on average equity (RoAE) of 9% and earnings per share of 87.2 kobo, an improvement on 8.1% and 75.2 kobo, respectively, in 2018”.

This dragged down its Return on Average Equity ,ROAE . In September,  2019 its ROAE stood at 5.8 percent when some banks registered double digit with that metric .The above uninspiring run continued to suppressed both pre tax and post tax margins  which are indicators pointing to how well a company manages its financial resources.

For its impact,  its pre tax between June and  September2019 crashed by 13.3 percent. Although the bank blamed this on its exceptional items this may not beunconnected to how  the management deployed its  resources . “Our  year on year growth has faced a few setbacks due to the non recurrence of exceptional gains from foreign exchange income, regulatory induced  fee reductions in the pension business and a continued lull in the capital  market”, the bank noted  .

Some analysts, however,  disputed the bank’s claim. According to  them ,“as a group , the same struggles were noticed” .The ROAE for the group commercial and retail banking was 7.5 % ; for investment banking, 3.2 % .It was only  that of  Wealth Management group that  stood at 24 %.

 .The travails of this bank  hit  hard  its shareholders.For the shareholders of this 2014 was a turning point

The bank announced a return to dividend payment  in 2013  after seeing profits expanded  to an appropriate level to allow for it.

At a time in the first half of 2014 it  traded at a price of NGN3.38. And with  NGN0.30kobodividend declared  at the end of the 2013 financial year  that implied  a yield of 9%. That was considered encouraging by a financial firm in its analysis.

The commendation may not be misplaced .The above trading price represented a P/E of 3.95xon its 2013 financial  year earnings  and 0.44x on its book value per share relative to the sector estimates of 6.05x P/E and 1.27x P/BV.

Based on the above performance some analysts recommended  that investors take advantage of this attractive yield and thus place a “HOLD” rating on this stock.

But since that 2014 performance,  shareholders have been  confronted with the risks of unstable dividend records and high level of non cash  earnings .  In terms of dividends and capital gains,  it has not been a fair experience. In 2014 , a dividend of 25k was declared by the bank per share of 50k . However,the subsequent ones nosedived in response to its plummeting fortunes . A meager 10k was given out between 2015 and 2017.In 2018 and 2019 financial years it was 14k apiece.Its ROE was    9.1 percent  against the banking industry 12.3 percent .This is  considered to be low by analysts. The same thing with its ROA of 1.0 x against the industry 1.1 x .

Presently , its price earnings ratio is 2.4x as against the  market  6.4x  and industry 3.4x .; its price to book ratio is 0.2x compared to the banking  industry  0.4x  The bank’s return  on capital employed last year and three years ago was  nil   .

As at  June ,2020   its  debt equity ratio 190.2 percent standing at N407,995b as against N214,451b equity .Between  2014 and 2019  its debt to equity  ratios were 90.3 %, 122% ,128.3 % , 110.4 % , 120.6 % , and 141.4 % respectively.  This scenario showed why its cost to income ratios remain among the worst . This was in spite of the fact that it retained its earnings heavily against  the interest of dividends investors  without generating commensurable profits or returns.  The bank’s dividend yields were 9.3 %, 14.2 %, 10.8 % , and 7.5 % between 2014 and 2017 . It was 7.2% and 7.5 % in 2018 and  March ,2020 . This was relative to its Earnings Per Share  ,EPS, of  N1.118 , 240k ,724k 434k ,752k ,872k and 945k respectively between  2014 and 2020 March .

,  This ,according to some analysts,  was too cold for comfort  .

IINVESTORS’ REACTIONS

But the bank too has its own portion as  these investors were not folding  their arms .At the end of the  week before December  9,2019 , investors who had waited for the bank’s  nine months quarterly  results  struck; the bank end the week as one of the worst losers. Its share lost 9.45 percent  of value . The investors were allegedly irked by a N7.8 billion  impairment charge provision by the bank .Its share price was down by 29 percent between September 2018 and September 2019 ; it crashed 48 percent from its 2018 high of N3.51k as at September 2019 .

The trouble started in September 2015  when the bank  recorded a N6.4 billions negative quarterly basis. For that year alone its impairment charges stood at N14.4 billions. Following the bank’s unimpressive performance in 2015 its investors  started fighting  back .

As at  early 2016, their anger became clearer .1ts  share price  dropped  massively by 57 percent by February 2016 and by over 75 percent in relation to its high of N4 in 2015 . By February, 2016 its share traded at 89k .At that 89k in that February the bank traded 43 percent to its book value or at a massive discount of 43 percent to its net worth .

The question remains,  why were  the bottom lines crashing while the top lines were increasing albeit incrementally? Moreover,  when the total assets before the bank took an upward trend. From N1.169 trillion in 2014 it climbed to N1.621 trillion in 2019 . By its half year 2020 results,  its total assets stood at N1.97 trillion

.The answer is not far to seek. A possession of resources does not guarantee strategic success. Strategic capability is essentially concerned with how these resources are deployed, managed and controlled and in the case of people, motivated.

STRATEGIC CHOICES

Some analysts blamed the leadership of  the bank for certain  strategic directions and  choices .  Accusing  fingers are being pointed to  the desire of the founder to put his son in charge of the bank .For them, the corporate world is littered with carcasses of companies or businesses  led or run by family sentiments.  This may not be misplaced .Recently , Diamond Bank Plc led by  the son of its founder  was  acquired by Access Bank at the throes of death. This  is a typical example and a  perspective from which some analysts are castigating the idea of allowing the  son to take  over the bank .

However, to some people, , what is wrong about putting a competent son to lead a family business? .LadiBalogun ,the former Managing Director of the bank, now Chief Executive Officer of the Group , is a seasoned economist and Harvard trained. “The best way to judge the management of FCMB, according to them , is  by its decisions and its results  over time”,some analysts noted .

Moreover,  the bank, they claimed , deserved  commendations for its new Managing Director,Mr Adam Nuru appointed to take over from him. The appointment ,indeed, iwas strategic.  Nuru , a former executive director  from Finbank acquired by FCMB was from the rested  Inland Bank which merged with the former  First Atlantic Bank and later became Finbank . Some analysts believed the appointment was strategically to corner the northern geographical market .

But if the decision of the founder to make his son the general  overseer of his business  was thrown into the dustbin  ,  the idea of  the   acquisition of FinBank Plc in February 2012 and subsequent merger  with FinBank in October 2012was another strategic blunder believed  to be hunting and hurting the destiny of this bank .

Earlier in  2007
FCMB acquired  Cooperative Development Bank, Midas Bank and Nigerian American Bank.The above banks were not  in good shape when they were acquired. . According to some analysts  , there is no big deal in acquisitions and mergers as a strategic  method  when the acquiring bank or firm has the core competencieis to exploit the synergies and add values . But the only issue is that the  post merger health and welfare of FCMB has failed to justify  the essence of the strategic decisions. This has continued to raise a question.

Why should a bank that is not adept at  controlling risks venture into acquiring a distressed bank like Finbank? ,some analysts queried.  Moreover,  some believed its new structure as a holding company is not abnormal  but the management ability to generate synergy as a corporate parent depends on its competencies on the portfolios  of its choice. .This has  called to question the team’s strategic capabilities. In the industry  , banks like Zenith and GT as well as Fidelity Bank Plc decided to grow organically and all have overtaken FCMB

The same thing could be said about  its holdings  company  logic .  In June 2013, FCMB assumed a holding structure in accordance with the regulations set by the Central bank of Nigeria. The group restructuring which ensued, resulted in FCMB Group Plc becoming the holding company for FCMB Ltd and its subsidiaries.

Those  strategic directions and methods were not unusual .  The above initiatives were definitely to grow its market share and add values but not much has been achieved. .But  they have failed to add much values expected .

 FCMB’S STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS

In this industry ,,the markets , products   and margins as well as the attendant risks determine the prospects of individual banks .However,  each  player’s strategic choices must be driven by its strategic  capabilities that deliver competitive advantages to it Analysis of the bank’s books in the last five years revealed that while  the operating environment has been highly deleterious, the management  of this bank is equally  unrelenting trying to reinvent  itself for   robust performance.   But how far has  FCMB added values and meet the needs of its stakeholders?

What are the core competencies driving FCMB ,? , what are its challenges   ,where are its competitive  advantages and the prospects of this bank ? .These are the questions  whose answers  are necessary to unveil its present values and future prospects.

.A look into a bank business segments and portfolios sheds   light  on the challenges in the industry and the bank’s strategic directions and competence .A  key element in delineating between markets is the risk No bank ignores any market. However, some play more in one market and tend to be more visible in another. One thing that cannot be disputed is that risk ,margins and prospects of each market or product must be weighed along the  competences and resources of the player ;  what a bank makes from each segment  defines  its competence.

For FCMB, personal  or retail banking  dominated its income streams drivers and contributed the biggest between 2014 and 2019 .This was closely followed by  the  Small and Medium Enterprises, SME.

Personal or retail banking is where more incomes  were  realized. This may not be farfetched. “People withdraw severally and forfeit their interests.  It is just like a free money . For this segment  funds come in at little or no cost”   , a former bank manager explained. The  corporate segment took the third position but a difficult terrain  in term contributions to the bank’s revenues . Bigger proportion of its loan impairments came from this terrain to its operations .. Big banks are usually the familiar players here because  the can  lend so much and absorb the risk . More so, because they have the critical  mass

; a bank like FCMB may not pull the weight here. Corporate loans remain the significant part of most of the banking industry income for a longtime, given the overdependence on bank loan by most of  institutions.To play in the corporate segment a bank is expected to possess iron teeth to be able to break the metaphorical hard nut particularly with oil price volatility and weak economic indices that keep on weakening credit quality.

.Its investment banking was weak and simply on the sideline .This was due to the general  lull  in  the capital markets .Investment banking is where this bank is expected to have an edge because of its background and expertise  in merchants and investment banking but the level of activities    in this market has been less  impressive.

The lull in the capital market might a factor holding it down and hindering its prospects of making big money .

The same thing is applicable to institutional banking .As for  treasury and financial segment  ,this depends on the rates and the liquidity  position  of the bank . A bank with much cash to play around with is usually  a top player here .  The above factors and circumstances boxed it to the retails ,commercial and SME segments .

The dominance of SME and Personal banking  segment  vividly manifested in its strategic directions as the bank’s exploits in the digital banking remains its silver lining in terms of products and markets .This has become its familiar telltale though it is facing stiff competition from Fintech. This initiative has helped it to improve commissions from the mobile and USSD banking.  Its digital loans ,according to a report,  increased to 219.5 m monthly  while commissions  increased to N717 m , or 87 percent on monthly  and  average basis. According to that report of December 2019 its digital customers were up by 69 percent year on year basis to N4.1 millions . The fear enveloping its foray in to digital  banking is that a bank ,now acquired by a bigger bank , depended on this segment heavily too when faced with similar circumstances of non performing loans and outrageous cost to income ratio . The question remains,  how reliable will the income from it be with other banks coming into it with better strategy and competence.?The retail and SME markets are growth markets which if managed well could yield good margins and high prospects. Also known as consumer market, if it is played well ,analysis say , this is where you can get margin. It is a  lot difficult because of consumers sophistication to get spread in corporate end of the market.

STRATEGIC ACTIONS

For its status as a tier 2 bank , FCMB’s total  assets is huge enough. The bank’s total assets zoomed from N1.169 trillion  in 2014 to N1.621 trillion in 2019. Usually ,  loans to customers form the bulk of any bank  assets.  and have always been growing and  will continue to grow as long as the economy is growing.Moreover, with the CBN loan to deposit ratio of 65 percent . Since the core business of banking  is lending , no bank jokes with it .However, by their fruits you shall know the pedigree of  every bank When it is said that one is a good or an astute banker  what in fact is  meant is that one is a shrewd lender , one who lends safely and profitably .

Between 2015  and 2019  , the  FCMB’s loans to customers stood betweenN592.7 billions  and N692.4 billions on yearly basis .As at june this year the loans hit N794 billions from N715 billions the same period last year ..Naturally,  a racy  assets figure should result in more robust earnings except may be the spreads or the difference between interest earned and interest paid are not quite attractive. FCMB’s net interest  margin  has not been extraordinary and  this means the bank has to improve the spreads  in spite of  the prevailing low rate environment  . The   regulatory authorities policies on interest  rates play a decisive roles on returns from the core banking or maturity transformation  business. .For instance between   2015 and 2019, due to either high interest expenses or falling interest income it has been difficult  for it to maintain impressive   returns    on earning assets  .In the 2019 financial year its interest income   slumped by 1.9 percent  while its interest  expenses rose by 1.4 percent and the net  interest income fell by 4.4 percent Also, its net interest income  and non interest revenue  for the  half year 2017    crashed by  11 percent and 30.3 percent respectively compared to the corresponding period in 2016 .  Although there were slight decline in the operating expenses by 3percent ,this could  not save its pre tax profit as it crashed outrageously by 77 percent ..Its EPS also took the same way as fell to 15k in 2017  from 79k in 2016 half year   .Its ROE  fell from 17.6 percent to 3.2 percent ; its loans to deposits from 95.3 percent to102.5 percent .This is a dangerous  decision.

 However,  its cost to income went down    from 70.9 to 68.9 percent .

A bank that doesn’t have competitive  advantage in the core banking  is always expected to close this gap in fee and commissions. However ,  because commissions on  non interest dependent transactions  were not that superb , and the overheads were shooting upward carelessly ,the bottom lines too were endangered.. In the same 2019, fee and commission income equally declined by 4.8 percent . The above two scenarios together with the burden of non performing loans  led  to its  inability to lend profitably and safely call to question the strategic capabilities of the team at the driver seat of FCMB .The survival and success of any organisation are, no doubt, influenced by its ability to respond to the competing pressures.. . The major challenge is the  country economic problems have continued to weaken the baking sector credit  portfolios and the bank is yet to sport iron teeth to break the hard nut to get impressive spreads between interests  it paid and the returns it received.   Even incomes from its non interest transactions that is expected to be a stabilizing factor has  equally not  lived up to that expectations.What could have saved this bank could have been its ability to rev its gross earnings  disproportionately but this also fell below expectation   .  ; its gross earnings were lethargic.

Meanwhile as the asset quality of the bank is improving and non performing loans peter out , the bank is expected to gather more  strength for a better performance .

HIGH HOPE AGAIN ON HORIZON

FCMB is not folding arms but may need to fight against impairment and its cost to income ratio which remains very outrageous. Its impairment rose again from N5.5 billions in the half year  2019 to N7.74  billions in 2020 half year period ; its cost to income improved from 73% in 2019  to 71 percent  in 2020 half year  .This is still very embarrassingly high . In fact , CBN put this figure at 87 % in 2019 half year calculation .The bank with the best cost to income in 2019 half year period  stood at 37.63 % while the worst at the same period was 86.29 % .Moreover  ,its impairment  to loan ratio was 0.89 percent  better that First Bank Nigeria Holdings  among the 13 listed banks on Nigeria Stock Exchange . This has continued  to  supress its profit margins.  Its pre tax  margin in the first half  of9.4 % in 2020 down from  9.82 % in 2019 while its net profit was N9.76  billions translating to EPS of 49k .on year on year basis .

The balance sheet mending efforts have recorded relative successes, especially in a harsh economic environment. The bank’s capital adequacy ratios are 17.9% higher than the regulatory required 15%. Liquidity ratio is also at 39.8% and the loan to deposit ratio at 73.9% (CBN loan to funding ratio is 57.36%). Its romance with the digital banking is believed to be yielding results.  In the first half of 2020 , its non interest income segment delivered N15,301 billions. Its deposits to customers  also moved up speedily yo N1.109 trillion from N822 billions in the corresponding period of June 2019 .Moreover., its non performing loans is among the industry best at 3.5 percent in the first half of 2020 .

Show More

Related Articles

Back to top button